Did use of electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco by Belarusian teenagers and young adults has urging and aggravating or preventive and replacement public health effect on tobacco smoking?

Title : Did use of electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco by Belarusian teenagers and young adults has urging and aggravating or preventive and replacement public health effect on tobacco smoking?

Abstract:

Background: Belarus still have a high population level of tobacco consumption. Tobacco smoking in Belarus is major risk for the NCDs mortality (1). E-cigarettes and heat-not-burn products (HTP) are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to cigarettes. There a lot of discussions is novel products a «gateway» to smoking for tobacco naive youngsters or could prevent it.

Aims & Objectives: Main aim was to determine the patterns of smoking and vaping. Goals were estimate changes of such behavior among young age groups and analyze shifts in prevalence during last 5 years.

Method: We conduct analysis of the two recent Belarus surveys data: 2016 and 2020 STEPS (prevalence of the main risk factors for NCDs among the population aged 18 - 69), 2015 and 2021 Global Youth Tobacco (GYT) (prevalence of the smoking and vaping among the students aged 13 - 15). The statistical processing was performed using the Microsoft Office software package; Pearson's correlation analysis to analyze the correlation between smoking and vaping (current or past) patterns, product type and age.

Results: According to the 2016 and 2020 STEPS surveys (n=5010, n=5385 respectively) prevalence of current smoking in aged 18 – 69 from 29.6% to 26,7% respectively (from 31.3% to 25.9% in aged 18–29 for 2016 and 2020) (2, 3). Prevalence of vaping among current smokers was 3,8% in 2016 and 6,1% 2020 (9.9% and 13,% respectively of aged 18–29). Percentage of former smokers are 14.4% (including 8.3% of respondents aged 18–29 years). Percentage of former vapers among current tobacco smokers and non tobacco smokers was 5,4% and 0,9% respectively in aged 18 – 69 respondents (8.1% and 1.8% of respondents aged 18–29 years). Prevalence of HTP consumption in 2020 was 3,0% and 7,6% of aged 18-69 and aged 18–29 respectively (no 2015 data 2015). Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between current and former tobacco smoking with current and past e-cigarettes use and current HTP use in any year and any age groups including aged 18-29. Prevalence of current smoking among 13–15 years adolescents estimated by the GYT (n = 2992, n = 3493, 2015 and 2021 respectively) decreased from 9.4% to 7.6% (4, 5). The number of smokeless tobacco users increased from 0.6% in 2015 to 1.7 in 2021 GYT Survey. Prevalence of vaping in 2021 was 15.1 % (boys 14.7, girls 15.5 (no 2015 data). Percentage of former tobacco users decreased from 36.5% in 2015 to 27.2 % in 2021. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relation between current cigarettes and smokeless tobacco use in any year and between smoking and vaping in 13–15 aged.

Discussion & Conclusion: Recent surveys in the Belarus have shown decrease in smoking both among young adults and teenagers and increase in vaping in young adults but non among teenagers. Some adult smokers switch from traditional cigarettes to use of HTP and quit smoking. Instead of media translated fears about consumption of HTP by teens our analysis found no evidence of such products spreading.

Keywords: tobacco smoking reduction, heat-not-burn products, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, young population

Biography:

Alexei Alexandrov graduated from Vitebsk state Medical University in 2000 as medical doctor and in 2001 received specialization in psychiatry. In 2005, he finished Ph. D. thesis about dual disorders (psychiatric and substance use) in Belarus Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. He graduated from such institution in 2012 as specialist in public health. He worked as Senior and Invited lecturer at the Psychiatry and Addiction medicine, Public Health and Healthcare Management, Primary Heath Care Departments.

He worked as psychiatrist and psychotherapist from 2002 to now in inpatients and outpatients clinics with focus on mood and substance use disorders psychosocial and pharmacological treatment. During 2008-2011 He worked as chief specialist in addiction medicine of Ministry of Health of Republic of Belarus. From 2011 to now he worked at the Minsk regional clinical center "Psychiatry-narcology”. From 2002 to now he take part in different drug prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction activities in Belarus in firm cooperation with governmental, international and nongovernmental actors.

He take part in the organization and management of opioid substitution treatment programs in Belarus: legislative (national drug treatment and opioid substitution treatment clinical protocols, regulatory documents in the field of medical use of narcotic drug and drug treatment) and methodological support of pilot OST project, opening of 5 new OST sites, counselling and training for OST specialists. Also he take part in the organization and management of alcohol and drug rehabilitation in-patients centers.

He took part at the preparation of the Belarus Narcotic Drugs Law and Belarus Mental health Law.During last years he focused on research work in the field of mental health, drug and alcohol addiction, provision of the public health education and practical work in the Minsk region and Republic of Belarus. He strongly advocate health approach to persons with mental health problems, drug use and of HIV.

Now he is the Head of the Minsk regional clinical center "Psychiatry-narcology”. His interests are regulation and practice of medical use of narcotic drugs, legal issues of mental health and drug abuse, harm reduction, management of psychiatry and addiction treatment care, drug abuse treatment (drug free and medically assisted), substitution treatment, alcohol and drug abuse prevention in schools and families, working places and primary health care, suicide prevention, vulnerable youth early intervention programs, law enforcement, prison health, mental health disability, social work and rehabilitation in mental health and drug abuse, public mental health, drug use and HIV, HIV and mental health, violence and mental health, nicotine dependence, tobacco control and harm reduction.