Title : Phytomedicine: The promising natural complementary approach towards anti-addiction
Abstract:
The American Society of Addiction Medicine defines addiction as a primary, chronic ailment affecting brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits gives rise to distinctive biological, psychological, social, and spiritual consequences. Individuals with addiction, pathologically pursue rewards and relief through substance abuse and other spectrums of activities such as gambling, internet use, sex, eating, work, and shopping etc. exhibiting an inability to consistently abstain, impaired behavioral control, cravings, diminished recognition of behavioral and interpersonal issues, and dysfunctional emotional responses. Similar to other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission.Contemporary medical interventions face limitations in effectively addressing the underlying neurobiological and inflammatory processes inherent in addiction. This disease is prevalent among individuals of modern society, being a major cause of disability and the premature mortality. Despite the profound societal, economic, and health impacts associated with various forms of addiction globally, managing this condition remains a formidable challenge, with the recurrence phenomenon posing a particularly significant obstacle to treatment. Furthermore, currently available synthetic drugs exhibit undesirable side effects, and most of the conventional pharmacological treatments prove ineffective for a majority of cases. The quest for new approaches and natural complementary medications has been prompted by the constrained efficacy and adverse effects of existing treatments, prompting a shift beyond the dopamine reward system to target the broader neurobiological deficits, as well as the underlying inflammation and oxidative stress inherent in addiction.In this context, Phytomedicine, which harnesses plant-derived bioactive compounds, has garnered attention as a promising, natural, and safe strategy in tandem with conventional treatments for addressing addiction. It encompasses considerations of efficiency, quality, and safety while delving into the mechanisms of action of specific plant extracts, exploring the promising bioactive phytochemicals, and presenting findings related to pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical aspects, and toxicity. Phytomedicine emerges as a potential player in anti-addiction efforts, associated with a holistic approach to health underscoring the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit.Its ability to influence dopamine receptors holds promise for developing drugs with protective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, potentially restoring core neurobiological deficits and aiding in the battle against addiction. Since last few decade,numerous phytomedicines with promising potential in exhibiting anti-addictive properties has been discovered. For instance,M. speciosa has been investigated as a natural alternative for effectively managing opioid withdrawal symptoms.P.lobata ,C.guianesis exhibits the ability to reduce alcohol consumption. Cannabidiol displays promising potential in diminishing addictive behaviors associated with various substances. P.incarnata aids in calming the nervous system, potentially supporting substance withdrawal for anxiety and insomnia. R.Rosea could assist the body in adapting to stress, a common trigger for addictive behaviors. W.somnifera showcases adaptogenic properties, assisting in managing stress and anxiety, potentially supporting individuals in addiction recovery. B.Monnieri contributes to cognitive enhancement and stress management, promoting overall well-being. Ginkgo Biloba, with its neuroprotective properties, could aid in cognitive function, potentially reducing cravings linked to addiction. C.longa exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, potentially influencing addiction-related behaviors. N.rustica contains lower nicotine levels compared to commercial tobacco, suggesting its exploration as a harm reduction strategy. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that the effectiveness of these phytomedicines may differ among individuals. Consequently, their usage should be approached under the supervision of healthcare professional, as the addiction treatment typically demands a comprehensive and personalized approach tailored to the unique needs of each individual.
Keywords: Addiction, Phytomedicine, Bioactive phytochemicals, Chronic disease, Substance abuse, Brain reward ,Dopamine
