Title : Association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent substance use: a critical literature review
Abstract:
Adolescent substance use is a growing public health concern in the United States and a global burden that research shows is connected to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). The purpose of this literature review is to understand the relationship between ACEs and adolescent substance use and describe ACE-informed public health and prevention strategies. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA 2020). Search strategies included the use of five databases and designated search criteria. Originally, 225 articles were retrieved which were narrowed down to 20 for review. Findings of the literature review reveals a cumulative association between the number of ACEs present and a higher likelihood of substance use in adolescence. Substance use was identified as a coping mechanism and also associated with other comorbid health risk behaviors that resulted from ACEs. The most common health risk behavior was poor mental health leading to suicidality. Opportunities for public health interventions include resilience building, youth and family support, and community connections through health education and access to health resources. In conclusion, when youth experience resilience, support, and connectedness during middle and high school, they are less likely to engage in substance use behaviors even when ACEs are present.
