From early educational initiatives to sophisticated diagnostic assessments, addressing substance-related conditions requires a multilayered approach. The complexity of substance use disorders: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment involves not only identifying risk factors but also crafting interventions that are culturally relevant and accessible. Screening tools have become more refined, enhancing the accuracy of early detection in both clinical and community settings. Preventive models incorporate family dynamics, socioeconomic influences, and school-based programs to deter initiation. Once diagnosed, treatment now ranges from behavioral therapies to medication-assisted recovery, often within integrated care systems. Progress lies in the synergy between research, policy, and compassionate care delivery.