Neuroinflammation refers to inflammation in the brain, which can be triggered by chronic substance use. This inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of substance use disorders by altering neural signaling, neurotransmitter systems, and brain structure. Persistent neuroinflammation can lead to cognitive deficits, emotional dysregulation, and a heightened susceptibility to addiction. Recent research suggests that targeting neuroinflammation may be a promising avenue for addiction treatment, as reducing inflammation could potentially reverse some of the cognitive and emotional impairments caused by substance use. Anti-inflammatory treatments, alongside traditional therapies, may provide new hope for individuals struggling with addiction.