Addiction to psychoactive substances, such as alcohol and illegal narcotics, is referred to as substance abuse. Alcohol, prescription pharmaceuticals, and other legal substances can also be used excessively or improperly, which is what is meant by substance abuse. It refers to the risky use of psychoactive substances that can lead to dependence syndrome, a collection of behavioural, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that typically emerges after repeated substance use and that include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, prioritising drug use over other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and occasionally a physical withdrawal state. It is important to note that substance abuse differs from addiction in that people with substance abuse difficulties may stop using drugs or modify their destructive behaviour, but people with addiction cannot stop using drugs or chemicals even after they cause harm. In actuality, addiction is a sickness. Some people can start abusing substances when they are children or teenagers, while others may start using and abusing substances as adults. There are various risk factors that might make someone more likely to abuse drugs.
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Denis Larrivee, University of Navarra, Spain
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