Functional Connectivity in Addiction and Recovery

Functional connectivity refers to the synchronized activity between different brain regions, and its disruption is a hallmark of addiction. Substance use alters connectivity patterns in networks responsible for reward processing, decision-making, and self-regulation, such as the default mode network and prefrontal cortex. These changes impair the brain’s ability to resist cravings and control impulses. Recovery involves restoring functional connectivity through abstinence and therapeutic interventions like neurofeedback or mindfulness training. Imaging studies reveal that sustained recovery is associated with improved connectivity in key brain areas, supporting better cognitive and emotional functioning, which is essential for maintaining sobriety.